"Water! What a hell... what is strange about water, dude!?" Water is the reason that there is life on Earth, liquid water. In fact, we can assume that water is needed for life to evolve, life as we know it. It turns out that, liquids are extremely rare in the universe and in our Solar System only Earth and Saturn's largest moon Titan, have liquids flowing on the surface (liquid methane, but liquid none the less). We all know what water is, but do you know that there is more phases to water than, gas, liquid and solid(ice)? There are in fact 15 phases in total! Water is a molecule, composed of 2 Hydrogen atoms and a Oxygen atom(H20). This file will change what you knew about water for good. It turns out that plain simple water is really weird... It certainly is pretty FRINGE.
So, like I said, water has fringe properties. They are:
- 15 different solid phases, water freezes at temperatures lower that 0 °C and under a pressure higher than 1 atm. But, when the temperature is lowered and pressure increases, strange things happen to water ice, the crystalline structure changes according to the pressure and temperature thus the 15 phases. Every phase depicts how dense and "solid" the ice is. Ice-1 is the first stage and nearly all ice in the Earth is Ice-1. Here is a pretty nice explanation of the phases:
Phase Characteristics Amorphous ice Amorphous ice is an ice lacking crystal structure. Amorphous ice exists in three forms: low-density (LDA) formed at atmospheric pressure, or below, high density (HDA) and very high density amorphous ice (VHDA), forming at higher pressures. LDA forms by extremely quick cooling of liquid water ("hyperquenched glassy water", HGW), by depositing water vapour on very cold substrates ("amorphous solid water", ASW) or by heating high density forms of ice at ambient pressure ("LDA"). Ice Ih Normal hexagonal crystalline ice. Virtually all ice in the biosphere is ice Ih, with the exception only of a small amount of ice Ic. Ice Ic A metastable cubic crystalline variant of ice. The oxygen atoms are arranged in a diamond structure. It is produced at temperatures between 130 and 220 K, and can exist up to 240 K,[41][42] when it transforms into ice Ih. It may occasionally be present in the upper atmosphere.[43] Ice II A rhombohedral crystalline form with highly ordered structure. Formed from ice Ih by compressing it at temperature of 190–210 K. When heated, it undergoes transformation to ice III. Ice III A tetragonal crystalline ice, formed by cooling water down to 250 K at 300 MPa. Least dense of the high-pressure phases. Denser than water. Ice IV A metastable rhombohedral phase. It can be formed by heating high-density amorphous ice slowly at a pressure of 810 MPa. It doesn't form easily without a nucleating agent.[44] Ice V A monoclinic crystalline phase. Formed by cooling water to 253 K at 500 MPa. Most complicated structure of all the phases.[45] Ice VI A tetragonal crystalline phase. Formed by cooling water to 270 K at 1.1 GPa. Exhibits Debye relaxation.[46] Ice VII A cubic phase. The hydrogen atoms' positions are disordered. Exhibits Debye relaxation. The hydrogen bonds form two interpenetrating lattices. Ice VIII A more ordered version of ice VII, where the hydrogen atoms assume fixed positions. Formed from ice VII, by cooling it below 5 °C (278 K). Ice IX A tetragonal phase. Formed gradually from ice III by cooling it from 208 K to 165 K, stable below 140 K and pressures between 200 MPa and 400 MPa. It has density of 1.16 g/cm3, slightly higher than ordinary ice. Ice X Proton-ordered symmetric ice. Forms at about 70 GPa.[47] Ice XI An orthorhombic, low-temperature equilibrium form of hexagonal ice. It is ferroelectric. Ice XI is considered the most stable configuration of ice Ih. The natural transformation process is very slow and ice XI has been found in Antarctic ice 100 to 10,000 years old. That study indicated that the temperature below which ice XI forms is −36 °C (240 K).[48] Ice XII A tetragonal, metastable, dense crystalline phase. It is observed in the phase space of ice V and ice VI. It can be prepared by heating high-density amorphous ice from 77 K to about 183 K at 810 MPa. Ice XIII A monoclinic crystalline phase. Formed by cooling water to below 130 K at 500 MPa. The proton-ordered form of ice V.[49] Ice XIV An orthorhombic crystalline phase. Formed below 118 K at 1.2 GPa. The proton-ordered form of ice XII.[49] Ice XV The proton-ordered form of ice VI formed by cooling water to around 80–108 K at 1.1 GPa. - Glassy water is water that has been supercooled to -130 °C. This causes the water to become glass like meaning that there is no visible crystal structure to it, looking like glass.
- Hot water freezes faster than cold water. This has something to do with the fact that warm water forms ice at higher temperature than cold water... but in reality no one really knows what causes this to happen precisely.
- Fringe quantum effect of water, when bombed with neutrons, water has 25% less hydrogen protons that there should be... again, no one knows what causes this to happen.
- Homeopathy (the science the alternative healing method;) suggests that water has memory so that it can remember the properties of other substances(even if the substance is diluted to the 100.000 part of the orginal amount). Enough said! but still, if real, pretty fringe.
- Water is powerful solvent, and this is why life exists on earth. Waters powerful solvent nature comes from its molecular construction 2 hydrogens and oxygen, this creates dipolar properties, one end has negative and the other positive charge.
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